Uncover the differences between rocks, minerals, and gemstones, discover how they are all formed, and explore examples from each category.

Giant’s Causeway in Northern Ireland is a fascinating geological wonder whose creation originates both in geology and Irish mythology. From a geological perspective, Giants Causeway in Ireland was formed by ancient lava that moulded the hexagonal basalt columns at the site. From a mythological perspective, Giants Causeway was created by the ancient giant Finn McCool (Fionn MacCumhaill) as a bridge to Scotland’s Isle of Staffa, where his rival, a Scottish giant named Benandonn

What is magma? Magma is a super-hot viscous material that consists of molten and semi-molten rock that flows deep beneath the Earth’s surface. Depending on the chemical composition of the magma, there are three magma categories: basaltic magma, andesitic magma, and rhyolitic magma. There are different mechanisms for magma formation: partial melting, decompression melting, and flux-induced melting. When magma breaks through the earth’s surface, the magma that reaches the surfa

Diamonds are minerals composed of carbon that come from deep volcanic eruptions in the Earth's mantle and were formed billions of years ago.

From white sand beaches to black sand beaches, and even multicolored sand beaches - Earth has it all! Where does the sand color come from? What gives sand its color? The white sand beaches are made up of pure quartz, the pink sand beaches get their color from foraminifera, the red sand beaches, green sand beaches, gray sand beaches, and black sand beaches get their colors from the different ingredients in the lava from volcanic eruptions. Purple sand beaches are based on diff